Evolution unit
Throughout this unit, my group and I have been learning about evolution as well as the internal anatomy of various organisms from varying phyla. Throughout the unit we dissected worms, frogs, perch, and squid as well as sponges. We looked at their exterior and interior organs and such.
Ecology of a Sponge
Sponges play an important role in the ecology and survival of numerous aquatic organisms. They are ideal habitats for marine animals because they have an irregular shape and are very large. This makes it an ideal habitat for snails, sea stars, sea cucumbers, and shrimp. Sponges have a mutually beneficial relationship with bacteria, algae, and plant like protist. The relationship is beneficial because, the sponge offers a protected area with the organisms provide food and oxygen to the sponge. Sponges get enough light by using spicules that are like a lens or magnifying glass that focuses and directs incoming sunlight to cells lying below the surface of the sponge. This is where symbiotic organisms carry out photosynthesis, and that is the ecology of a sponge.
Ecology of Corals
Worldwide distribution of corals is determined by temperature, water depth, and light intensity. The “tougher corals require higher levels of light. The light is necessary because the coral relies on on symbioses with algae. Symbioses provides as much as 60% of the energy the coral needs. Many coral reefs are now suffering from human activity. Overfishing, chemical use, recreational diving are all examples of human activity that can kill coral reefs. Even if human-caused problems don’t kill coral it can still cause the coral to become stressed out and susceptible to other threats. A problem called coral bleaching has become common. Higher temperatures cause the algae to die, leaving behind transparent cells atop a ghostly white skeleton. Over the last 20 years bleaching has become more common and more severe, causing many corals to die.
Ecology of Mollusks
Mollusks are a source of food for other organisms, including humans. They filter algae out of the water by eating debris. Mollusks can be used to monitor water quality and warn biologists about potential dangers in open water. Bacteria around bivalves extract chemical energy from simple compounds released in superheated water. Mollusks are also used for biological research.
Groups of Mollusks
The first group of mollusks are the Gastropods. These organisms are shell-less and move by using a muscular foot. The second group are the Bivalves. They are held together by muscles and have two shells. The third group are the Cephalopods. These organisms have a single head attached to a single foot and are soft-bodied.
Groups of Annelids
There are three groups of Annelids. The first group is the Oligochaetes which contains earthworms and their relatives. Oligochaetes annelida that typically have streamlined bodies and relatively few setae compared to polychaetes. Most live in soil or freshwater. The next group is Leeches which contains the leeches. Leeches are typically external parasites that suck the blood and body fluids of their host. They can be found in moist habitats in tropical countries. They were once commonly used to treat medical conditions. The last group is Polychaetes. Polychaetes contain sandworms, bloodworms, and their relatives. They are marine annelids that have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae, brush like structures on the worm.
Ecology of Annelids
Worms are very important to nature and it has been noted back as far as ancient Greece, when Aristotle called them the “Intestines of the Earth.” Annelids spend most of their life burrowed under soil mixing it to depths of 2 meters or more. They pull plant matter down through the soil and into their gut. Earthworms “mine” materials from deeper soil layers and bring them up to the surface. Their feces are rich in nitrogen, phos fences, potassium, micronutrients and beneficial bacteria. In the sea annelids participate in a wide range of food chains. As adults marine annelids are mud-dwelling filter feeders that are common in area where sediment is disturbed or large amounts of organic material are present. they are especially numerous where pollution from sewage promotes growth of bacteria and algae. Many polychaetes are important in the diets of fishes as well as crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters.
Ecology of Fishes
Certain fishes spend the majority of their lives in the ocean but migrate to fresh water when it is breeding time. Some examples of these fish are lampreys, sturgeons, and salmon. This type of fish are called anadromous. Salmon are born and begin their lives in rivers or streams but soon after make their way to the sea. After years in the ocean the salmon use their sense of smell to find their birthplace and lay/fertilize eggs of their own.The trip back can take up to months of travelling. Other fish are the opposite of anadromous and spend the majority of their life in freshwater but migrate to the ocean for breeding. These fish are categorized as catadromous. They can travel a great distance to the sea in order to lay their eggs. Currents take hold of the eggs and carry them to shallow waters. When the eggs mature and hatch the fish find their way into fresh water and move upstream.
Groups of Amphibians
There are three groups of amphibians which consist of salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians. Salamanders are part of the order Urodela. They have long bodies and tails. They usually have four legs and are carnivores. Most live in moist areas. Frogs and toads are in the order Anura and have the ability to jump. Frogs tend to have longer legs than toads. Adult frogs and toads do not have tails. Caecilians are part of the order Apoda. They are legless that live in water or in moist areas. They feed on small invertebrates. Many have fishlike scales.
Ecology of Amphibians
Amphibians have adaptations that are used to protect them from predators. Some have colors or markings that can be used to blend into their surroundings. Others have skin glands that ooze a toxin. Amphibians that release toxin are usually bright colored to warn their enemies off. Nontoxic amphibians are also sometimes bright colored to confuse predators. This way, predators assume they are toxic and leave them alone. The amount of amphibians has decreased over the past few decades. Scientists do not know why this is happening, but they guess it has to do with environmental factors. These factors include a decreasing habitat, depletion of the ozone layer, acid rain, water pollution, fungal infections, aquatic predators, and an increasing human population.
Fishes
2. write a paragraph about groups of fish and characteristics
There are several groups fish that make up the diverse species, they are bony fish, jawless fish, and cartilaginous fish. Jawless fish are more or less self explanatory with the lack of true teeth and jaws. Their skeletons are made of cartilage and are divided into two subclasses of lampreys and hagfish. Lampreys are filter feeders and parasites while Hagfish feed on the dead and dying and have six hearts with an open circulatory system. Sharks and cartilaginous species have skeletons made of cartilage and are usually carnivores with an absurd amount of teeth that constantly replace themselves, some sharks have up to 20,000 or more teeth in it’s life. Rays and Skates are also cartilaginous who are mainly filter feeders that are generally harmless to humans.
Bony fish have skeletons of hard bone hence the name. Almost all have fins though there are some that are not classified as ray finned fish such as the lungfish.
3. ecology of fish (self)
4. write paragraph about how chordates are different from invertebrates
Comparison of Invertebrates and Vertebrates: How Did They Evolve
Evidence shows that the most ancient chordates were closely related to echinoderms. One of the ancient chordate fossils that scientists have found is called Pikaia. It was first thought to be a worm, but upon further inspection it was noted the organism had a notochord. Notochords are a flexible, supporting structure only found in chordates. Pikaia is considered an early chordate. A notable event in chordate evolution was the development of jaws. Another event that separated vertebrates from invertebrates was the development of paired appendages. Vertebrates evolved from invertebrates.Vertebrates make up about 96 percent of all living chordates.
Comparison of Invertebrates and Vertebrates: How do They Maintain Body Temperature
The ability to maintain body temperature is well developed among vertebrates. The ability to do this is important for maintaining homeostasis, especially where temperature varies. The control of body temperature revolves around three things: a source of heat, way to conserve heat, and a method of eliminating excess heat. These organisms can be classified as ectotherms and endotherms. Mostly reptiles, fishes, and amphibians are ectotherms. They pick up heat from their environment. An endotherm controls their body heat from within. Birds conserve heat by using their feathers as insulation. Mammals use fat to conserve heat.
Comparison of Invertebrates and Vertebrates: How do They Feed, Respire, Excrete, Circulate, Move, and Respond
The skulls and teeth of vertebrates are adapted for feeding on a wider variety of food. Many mammals have sharp teeth that they use to tear their food. Their digestive system have organs that are well adapted for different feeding habits. Aquatic chordates use gills for respiration. Land vertebrates use lungs. Animals who use gills to breathe receive their oxygen from the water. Organisms who use lungs to breathe receive their oxygen from the air. Most vertebrates use their kidneys to excrete waste. Aquatic organisms excrete their waste in the form of ammonia. Chordates who use gills for breathing have a single-loop circulatory system. Vertebrates who use lungs to breathe have a double-loop circulatory system. The chordate heart has developed chambers that help separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood traveling in the circulatory system. Nonvertebrate chordates lack bones, but have muscles. Although, most other chordates do indeed have bones. The skeletal and muscular systems make it possible for vertebrates to move. Nonvertebrate chordates have a very simple nervous system with a mass of nerve cells that form a brain. Vertebrates have a complex brain with different regions. Each of these regions have a different function.
write paragraph about how fish feed, respire, circulate, excrete, respond and more
Paragraph 1
Fishes are aquatic vertebrates that are characterized by paired fins, scales, and gills. Fish are herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders, and detritus. Fish can feed on many forms of nutrients depending upon their environment and what is available to them. Fishes have a mouth, food passes through a short esophagus to the stomach, where it is partially broken down. In many fishes the food is further processed in fingerlike pouches called pyloric. Other organs including the liver and pancreas, add enzymes and other digestive chemicals to the food as it moves through the digestive tract. The intestine completes the process of digestion and nutrient absorption. Most fish exchange gases using using gills located on either side of the pharynx. Gills are made up of feathery threadlike structures called filaments and each filament contains a network of fine capillaries that provided a large surface area for the exchange of H2O and CO2. A numerous amount of fish have an adaptation that allows them to survive in oxygen-poor water or in areas where bodies of water often dry up. Those fishes have specialized organs that serve as lungs. Fishes have a closed circulatory system with a heart that pumps blood around the body in a single loop. From the heart to the gills, from the gills to the rest of the body and beck to the heart. Like many other aquatic animals, most fish rid themselves of nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia. Some diffuse waste through gills into the surrounding water, others are removed by kidneys, which filters waste from the blood. Fish have well-developed nervous systems organized around a brain, which has several parts. Most fish have highly developed sense organs and almost all fish that are active have well-developed eyes and color vision that is at least as good as ours. Many fish have specialized cells called chemoreceptors that are responsible for their extraordinary sense of taste and smell. Most fish move by alternately paired set of muscles on either side of the backbone. .
Ecology of a Sponge
Sponges play an important role in the ecology and survival of numerous aquatic organisms. They are ideal habitats for marine animals because they have an irregular shape and are very large. This makes it an ideal habitat for snails, sea stars, sea cucumbers, and shrimp. Sponges have a mutually beneficial relationship with bacteria, algae, and plant like protist. The relationship is beneficial because, the sponge offers a protected area with the organisms provide food and oxygen to the sponge. Sponges get enough light by using spicules that are like a lens or magnifying glass that focuses and directs incoming sunlight to cells lying below the surface of the sponge. This is where symbiotic organisms carry out photosynthesis, and that is the ecology of a sponge.
Ecology of Corals
Worldwide distribution of corals is determined by temperature, water depth, and light intensity. The “tougher corals require higher levels of light. The light is necessary because the coral relies on on symbioses with algae. Symbioses provides as much as 60% of the energy the coral needs. Many coral reefs are now suffering from human activity. Overfishing, chemical use, recreational diving are all examples of human activity that can kill coral reefs. Even if human-caused problems don’t kill coral it can still cause the coral to become stressed out and susceptible to other threats. A problem called coral bleaching has become common. Higher temperatures cause the algae to die, leaving behind transparent cells atop a ghostly white skeleton. Over the last 20 years bleaching has become more common and more severe, causing many corals to die.
Ecology of Mollusks
Mollusks are a source of food for other organisms, including humans. They filter algae out of the water by eating debris. Mollusks can be used to monitor water quality and warn biologists about potential dangers in open water. Bacteria around bivalves extract chemical energy from simple compounds released in superheated water. Mollusks are also used for biological research.
Groups of Mollusks
The first group of mollusks are the Gastropods. These organisms are shell-less and move by using a muscular foot. The second group are the Bivalves. They are held together by muscles and have two shells. The third group are the Cephalopods. These organisms have a single head attached to a single foot and are soft-bodied.
Groups of Annelids
There are three groups of Annelids. The first group is the Oligochaetes which contains earthworms and their relatives. Oligochaetes annelida that typically have streamlined bodies and relatively few setae compared to polychaetes. Most live in soil or freshwater. The next group is Leeches which contains the leeches. Leeches are typically external parasites that suck the blood and body fluids of their host. They can be found in moist habitats in tropical countries. They were once commonly used to treat medical conditions. The last group is Polychaetes. Polychaetes contain sandworms, bloodworms, and their relatives. They are marine annelids that have paired, paddlelike appendages tipped with setae, brush like structures on the worm.
Ecology of Annelids
Worms are very important to nature and it has been noted back as far as ancient Greece, when Aristotle called them the “Intestines of the Earth.” Annelids spend most of their life burrowed under soil mixing it to depths of 2 meters or more. They pull plant matter down through the soil and into their gut. Earthworms “mine” materials from deeper soil layers and bring them up to the surface. Their feces are rich in nitrogen, phos fences, potassium, micronutrients and beneficial bacteria. In the sea annelids participate in a wide range of food chains. As adults marine annelids are mud-dwelling filter feeders that are common in area where sediment is disturbed or large amounts of organic material are present. they are especially numerous where pollution from sewage promotes growth of bacteria and algae. Many polychaetes are important in the diets of fishes as well as crustaceans such as crabs and lobsters.
Ecology of Fishes
Certain fishes spend the majority of their lives in the ocean but migrate to fresh water when it is breeding time. Some examples of these fish are lampreys, sturgeons, and salmon. This type of fish are called anadromous. Salmon are born and begin their lives in rivers or streams but soon after make their way to the sea. After years in the ocean the salmon use their sense of smell to find their birthplace and lay/fertilize eggs of their own.The trip back can take up to months of travelling. Other fish are the opposite of anadromous and spend the majority of their life in freshwater but migrate to the ocean for breeding. These fish are categorized as catadromous. They can travel a great distance to the sea in order to lay their eggs. Currents take hold of the eggs and carry them to shallow waters. When the eggs mature and hatch the fish find their way into fresh water and move upstream.
Groups of Amphibians
There are three groups of amphibians which consist of salamanders, frogs and toads, and caecilians. Salamanders are part of the order Urodela. They have long bodies and tails. They usually have four legs and are carnivores. Most live in moist areas. Frogs and toads are in the order Anura and have the ability to jump. Frogs tend to have longer legs than toads. Adult frogs and toads do not have tails. Caecilians are part of the order Apoda. They are legless that live in water or in moist areas. They feed on small invertebrates. Many have fishlike scales.
Ecology of Amphibians
Amphibians have adaptations that are used to protect them from predators. Some have colors or markings that can be used to blend into their surroundings. Others have skin glands that ooze a toxin. Amphibians that release toxin are usually bright colored to warn their enemies off. Nontoxic amphibians are also sometimes bright colored to confuse predators. This way, predators assume they are toxic and leave them alone. The amount of amphibians has decreased over the past few decades. Scientists do not know why this is happening, but they guess it has to do with environmental factors. These factors include a decreasing habitat, depletion of the ozone layer, acid rain, water pollution, fungal infections, aquatic predators, and an increasing human population.
Fishes
2. write a paragraph about groups of fish and characteristics
There are several groups fish that make up the diverse species, they are bony fish, jawless fish, and cartilaginous fish. Jawless fish are more or less self explanatory with the lack of true teeth and jaws. Their skeletons are made of cartilage and are divided into two subclasses of lampreys and hagfish. Lampreys are filter feeders and parasites while Hagfish feed on the dead and dying and have six hearts with an open circulatory system. Sharks and cartilaginous species have skeletons made of cartilage and are usually carnivores with an absurd amount of teeth that constantly replace themselves, some sharks have up to 20,000 or more teeth in it’s life. Rays and Skates are also cartilaginous who are mainly filter feeders that are generally harmless to humans.
Bony fish have skeletons of hard bone hence the name. Almost all have fins though there are some that are not classified as ray finned fish such as the lungfish.
3. ecology of fish (self)
4. write paragraph about how chordates are different from invertebrates
- how did they evolve
- how do they maintain body temp.
- how do they feed, respire, circulate, excrete, respond
Comparison of Invertebrates and Vertebrates: How Did They Evolve
Evidence shows that the most ancient chordates were closely related to echinoderms. One of the ancient chordate fossils that scientists have found is called Pikaia. It was first thought to be a worm, but upon further inspection it was noted the organism had a notochord. Notochords are a flexible, supporting structure only found in chordates. Pikaia is considered an early chordate. A notable event in chordate evolution was the development of jaws. Another event that separated vertebrates from invertebrates was the development of paired appendages. Vertebrates evolved from invertebrates.Vertebrates make up about 96 percent of all living chordates.
Comparison of Invertebrates and Vertebrates: How do They Maintain Body Temperature
The ability to maintain body temperature is well developed among vertebrates. The ability to do this is important for maintaining homeostasis, especially where temperature varies. The control of body temperature revolves around three things: a source of heat, way to conserve heat, and a method of eliminating excess heat. These organisms can be classified as ectotherms and endotherms. Mostly reptiles, fishes, and amphibians are ectotherms. They pick up heat from their environment. An endotherm controls their body heat from within. Birds conserve heat by using their feathers as insulation. Mammals use fat to conserve heat.
Comparison of Invertebrates and Vertebrates: How do They Feed, Respire, Excrete, Circulate, Move, and Respond
The skulls and teeth of vertebrates are adapted for feeding on a wider variety of food. Many mammals have sharp teeth that they use to tear their food. Their digestive system have organs that are well adapted for different feeding habits. Aquatic chordates use gills for respiration. Land vertebrates use lungs. Animals who use gills to breathe receive their oxygen from the water. Organisms who use lungs to breathe receive their oxygen from the air. Most vertebrates use their kidneys to excrete waste. Aquatic organisms excrete their waste in the form of ammonia. Chordates who use gills for breathing have a single-loop circulatory system. Vertebrates who use lungs to breathe have a double-loop circulatory system. The chordate heart has developed chambers that help separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood traveling in the circulatory system. Nonvertebrate chordates lack bones, but have muscles. Although, most other chordates do indeed have bones. The skeletal and muscular systems make it possible for vertebrates to move. Nonvertebrate chordates have a very simple nervous system with a mass of nerve cells that form a brain. Vertebrates have a complex brain with different regions. Each of these regions have a different function.
write paragraph about how fish feed, respire, circulate, excrete, respond and more
Paragraph 1
Fishes are aquatic vertebrates that are characterized by paired fins, scales, and gills. Fish are herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter feeders, and detritus. Fish can feed on many forms of nutrients depending upon their environment and what is available to them. Fishes have a mouth, food passes through a short esophagus to the stomach, where it is partially broken down. In many fishes the food is further processed in fingerlike pouches called pyloric. Other organs including the liver and pancreas, add enzymes and other digestive chemicals to the food as it moves through the digestive tract. The intestine completes the process of digestion and nutrient absorption. Most fish exchange gases using using gills located on either side of the pharynx. Gills are made up of feathery threadlike structures called filaments and each filament contains a network of fine capillaries that provided a large surface area for the exchange of H2O and CO2. A numerous amount of fish have an adaptation that allows them to survive in oxygen-poor water or in areas where bodies of water often dry up. Those fishes have specialized organs that serve as lungs. Fishes have a closed circulatory system with a heart that pumps blood around the body in a single loop. From the heart to the gills, from the gills to the rest of the body and beck to the heart. Like many other aquatic animals, most fish rid themselves of nitrogenous waste in the form of ammonia. Some diffuse waste through gills into the surrounding water, others are removed by kidneys, which filters waste from the blood. Fish have well-developed nervous systems organized around a brain, which has several parts. Most fish have highly developed sense organs and almost all fish that are active have well-developed eyes and color vision that is at least as good as ours. Many fish have specialized cells called chemoreceptors that are responsible for their extraordinary sense of taste and smell. Most fish move by alternately paired set of muscles on either side of the backbone. .
Comparison of cnidarians with other phylums
Cnidarians and Poriferans are two different types of organisms. Porifera have a Choanocytes that use flagella to move water through pores in the wall of the sponge and out through the osculum. Cnidarians have special stinging cells on their tentacles that stun their prey. Porifera organ structure is generally less organized than that of a Cnidarian, Cnidarians have radial symmetry compared to that of a poriferan. In an overall body plan Porifera are much simpler than the Cnidarian’s. Cnidarians are much more complex for they have to actually kill and eat their prey, causing them to need more organs and such.
Comparison of Mollusca, Cnidaria, and Porifera
Mollusca, Cnidaria and Porifera are 3 different types of organisms with some similar traits. The Cnidaria phylum appears to be the only phylum that has any specialized cells. Cnidarians have cindocytes, which are specialized cells that are used for mainly capturing their prey.
There are several groups of annelids including Oligochaetes , Leeches , and Polychaetes. Oligochaetes earthworms and their cousins who live in soil and water while having streamlined bodies to burrow and dig. Leeches are parasitic organisms that are mostly external parasites. Polychaetes are mostly waterbased organisms that have appendages to paddle their way to places.
Chart of various phyla
Transitional species vidya
The video is about Freddy, our transitional species of a reptile adapting to it's surroundings and become more akin to a mammal despite maintaining its reptilian roots and body features.
evolution book review!
Undeniable is Undeniable
We read Undeniable by Bill Nye. This book is centralized around the idea that animals have evolved over the course of time. Bill Nye denies ideas of creationism, stating that they are flat out unreasonable. Nye argues his case with convincing factors that will be further discussed later on in this review. Undeniable is full of hard evidence that can convince any non-believer of the reality of evolution.
Bill Nye starts his book off with a flashback to his childhood. He says he remembers seeing bees in his backyard and wondering how they are able to fly. Nye learned later on that bees shouldn’t technically be able to fly. Turns out that their bodies are not proportional to their wings. He uses this as a segment into evolution and how organisms can evolve to become more likely to survive in their environment. Nye goes to explain the different types of selection. This included topics such as natural and artificial selection. He goes on the describe the difference saying that artificial selection is due to human interference, while natural selection is cause by an animal’s environment.
After Nye explains the bee story, he goes into a segment about creationism. He talks about his debate with Ken Ham, the representative for the creationist side of things. Nye discusses the debate and proceeds to debunk everything that Ham has to say. He says it is just plain unreasonable for the world to have been created in only six days. Nye also says that it is impossible for the planet to be only six thousand years old. Bill brings up hard evidence including things like fossils, that you can’t just dismiss as unimportant. In the debate Nye brings up the famous “Noah’s Ark” story. He states that this is completely unbelievable for it doesn’t explain how every single species could fit on a single boat or how they reached their current habitats.
Bill also talks about how he dreams of finding life on other plants such as Mars. He also talks about the tools we would need to achieve this. We can discover more about ourselves from other existing organisms from new planets if we would ever be able to conquer this great feat. He thinks humans have to be committed to finding out new things about our world and universe. He also mentions that the world would be better off if the population decreased. This would make sense, as it is logical to think that the world isn’t able to satisfy the needs of seven billion people. Nye also talks about the increasing climate change. Saying this, he sees the need for an immediate climate change as humans are slowly starting to destroy our atmosphere.
This is an captivating book, though some people may disagree due to their religious beliefs. There’s no denying it, the evidence is all there. Nye gives multiple forms of evidence proving creationism to be untrue and telling how he believes evolution occurred. Some readers who believe in the aspect of creationism will argue that his evidence seems flawed or untrue, but it is backed by a plethora of other scientists, geologists, and paleontologists all working to prove that evolution has occurred and might still be occurring. We found this book to be an interesting and informative read. Undeniable is undeniable!
We read Undeniable by Bill Nye. This book is centralized around the idea that animals have evolved over the course of time. Bill Nye denies ideas of creationism, stating that they are flat out unreasonable. Nye argues his case with convincing factors that will be further discussed later on in this review. Undeniable is full of hard evidence that can convince any non-believer of the reality of evolution.
Bill Nye starts his book off with a flashback to his childhood. He says he remembers seeing bees in his backyard and wondering how they are able to fly. Nye learned later on that bees shouldn’t technically be able to fly. Turns out that their bodies are not proportional to their wings. He uses this as a segment into evolution and how organisms can evolve to become more likely to survive in their environment. Nye goes to explain the different types of selection. This included topics such as natural and artificial selection. He goes on the describe the difference saying that artificial selection is due to human interference, while natural selection is cause by an animal’s environment.
After Nye explains the bee story, he goes into a segment about creationism. He talks about his debate with Ken Ham, the representative for the creationist side of things. Nye discusses the debate and proceeds to debunk everything that Ham has to say. He says it is just plain unreasonable for the world to have been created in only six days. Nye also says that it is impossible for the planet to be only six thousand years old. Bill brings up hard evidence including things like fossils, that you can’t just dismiss as unimportant. In the debate Nye brings up the famous “Noah’s Ark” story. He states that this is completely unbelievable for it doesn’t explain how every single species could fit on a single boat or how they reached their current habitats.
Bill also talks about how he dreams of finding life on other plants such as Mars. He also talks about the tools we would need to achieve this. We can discover more about ourselves from other existing organisms from new planets if we would ever be able to conquer this great feat. He thinks humans have to be committed to finding out new things about our world and universe. He also mentions that the world would be better off if the population decreased. This would make sense, as it is logical to think that the world isn’t able to satisfy the needs of seven billion people. Nye also talks about the increasing climate change. Saying this, he sees the need for an immediate climate change as humans are slowly starting to destroy our atmosphere.
This is an captivating book, though some people may disagree due to their religious beliefs. There’s no denying it, the evidence is all there. Nye gives multiple forms of evidence proving creationism to be untrue and telling how he believes evolution occurred. Some readers who believe in the aspect of creationism will argue that his evidence seems flawed or untrue, but it is backed by a plethora of other scientists, geologists, and paleontologists all working to prove that evolution has occurred and might still be occurring. We found this book to be an interesting and informative read. Undeniable is undeniable!
Socratic seminar
I learned more about the idea of creationism and the supposed evidence given by the affirmation's case. It was quite interesting to hear that the Earth was covered in a big sphere of water and how it collapsed one day leading to Noah's flood.
I still don't find creationism as a feasible explanation of how everything came to be. This is just my opinion however and no one can be completely certain one way is the true way.
I wanted to say many things yet I can't recall them since the seminar was not the best experience for me since I was thinking up of all the flaws in creationism as well as in evolution and comparing both of them and seeing which one would be more likely. I suppose that's what happens when you're part of the debate team.
I still don't find creationism as a feasible explanation of how everything came to be. This is just my opinion however and no one can be completely certain one way is the true way.
I wanted to say many things yet I can't recall them since the seminar was not the best experience for me since I was thinking up of all the flaws in creationism as well as in evolution and comparing both of them and seeing which one would be more likely. I suppose that's what happens when you're part of the debate team.
Reflection
Throughout this project, my squad and I worked well together in terms of getting our work done quickly and rather efficiently. We would have some people dissecting while others work on the paragraphs, questions, etc. This was shown as we had lots of leftover time after each part of the project to work on other things and subjects. We could have done a better job dissecting, since we aren't the most adept with scalpel and such which could be further improved later on. Despite this, I think my group was able to cooperate very well and get along nicely which in turn led to overall success with the project.
Evolution reflection
In the overall unit, I believe my group and I enjoyed learning more about evolution and how and why it occurs. My group and I worked very well at getting tasks done quickly and efficiently. We divided work equally which made finishing our work much easier than having one team carry. We could have made better use of free time after we finished everything we needed to do for the day. I believe we also could have sometimes we would get a bit off task and go on a tangent. This did not occur too often thankfully.